Democratic Citizenship and Skills
Democratic citizenship is the cornerstone of a mature, participatory society. It entails a sense of civic responsibility and solidarity—qualities that are foundational for resisting the divisive impacts of disinformation.
The RECLAIM project has shown that awareness of democratic structures, both national and international (e.g. the European Union, the United Nations), is crucial for interpreting political narratives and identifying manipulative or false information.
The RECLAIM project has shown that awareness of democratic structures, both national and international (e.g. the European Union, the United Nations), is crucial for interpreting political narratives and identifying manipulative or false information.
| COUNTRY/SUBNATION | DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP (only subjects in all sub-curricula) | Skills explicitly covered by civic education programme (where it does exist) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 - Leadership and teamwork | 2 - Citizenship | 3 - Critical thinking | ||
| ITALY | ||||
| ITALY - ISCED 1 | Physical education | History, Italian | No match | 2,3 |
| ITALY - ISCED 2 | Physical education | History, Italian | No match | 2,3 |
| ITALY - ISCED 3 (Liceo) | Physical education | History, Philosophy, Italian | Philosophy | 2,3 |
| ITALY - ISCED 3 (ITS) | Physical education | History, Italian | No match | 2,3 |
| BAVARIA | ||||
| BAVARIA - ISCED-1 (Y1-4) | Heimat- und Sachunterricht (Social studies) | Heimat- und Sachunterricht (Social studies) | Heimat- und Sachunterricht (Social studies) | 1,2,3 |
| BAVARIA - ISCED-2 (MIT) | History/Politics/Geography (one subject) | History/Politics/Geography (one subject) | History/Politics/Geography (one subject) | 1,2,3 |
| BAVARIA - ISCED-2 (REA) | Politics and Society; History; Geography; Economics and Law | Politics and Society; History; Geography; Economics and Law | Politics and Society; History; Geography; Economics and Law | 1,2,3 |
| BAVARIA - ISCED-2 (GYM) | Politics and Society; History; Geography | Politics and Society; History; Geography | Politics and Society; History; Geography | 1,2,3 |
| BAVARIA - ISCED-3 (GYM) | Politics and Society; History; Geography | Politics and Society; History; Geography | Politics and Society; History; Geography | 1,2,3 |
| ICELAND | ||||
| ICELAND - ISCED 1 | All subjects | Social studies; Information and Communication Technology | All subjects | 1,2,3 |
| ICELAND - ISCED 2 | All subjects | Social studies; Information and Communication Technology | All subjects | 1,2,3 |
| ICELAND - ISCED 3 | All subjects | Social studies | All subjects | 1,2,3 |
| CROATIA | ||||
| CROATIA - ISCED 1 | Physical education | Social Studies | Croatian language | 1,2,3 |
| CROATIA - ISCED 2 | Physical education | History, Geography | Croatian language, Foreign language, History | 1,2,3 |
| CROATIA - ISCED 3 | Physical education | History, Geography, Sociology, Ethics, Philosophy | Croatian language, Foreign language, History, Sociology, Ethics, Philosophy, Logic | 1,2,3 |
| BULGARIA | ||||
| BULGARIA - ISCED 1 | Physical Education, Science | Bulgarian Language and Literature | No match | 2,3 |
| BULGARIA - ISCED 2 | Physical Education, Science | Bulgarian Language and Literature | History and Civilization | 2,3 |
| BULGARIA - ISCED 3 | Physical Education | History and civilisation, Geography and economy, Philosophy | Philosophy, Literaturee | 2,3 |