Social Cohesion
Social cohesion promotes respectful interaction, empathy, and openness to diversity. In an era marked by polarization and online echo chambers, the ability to learn from others and engage in meaningful dialogue is more critical than ever.
Literature from UNESCO (2017) and the OECD (2020) underlines that societies with higher levels of social trust and inclusiveness are more resilient to manipulative information and conspiracy narratives.
Literature from UNESCO (2017) and the OECD (2020) underlines that societies with higher levels of social trust and inclusiveness are more resilient to manipulative information and conspiracy narratives.
| COUNTRY/SUBNATION | Social cohesion | Skills explicitly covered by civic education programme (where it does exist) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender sensitivity | Cultural sensitivity | Glocal skills | ||
| ITALY | ||||
| ITALY - ISCED 1 | No match | Second language and literature | Second language and literature | 1,2 |
| ITALY - ISCED 2 | No match | Artistic education, Second language and literature | Second language and literature | 1,2 |
| ITALY - ISCED 3 (Liceo) | No match | Artistic education, Second language and literature | Second language and literature | 1,2 |
| ITALY - ISCED 3 (ITS) | No match | Second language and literature | Second language and literature | 1,2 |
| BAVARIA | ||||
| BAVARIA - ISCED-1 (Y1-4) | Heimat- und Sachunterricht (Social studies) | Heimat- und Sachunterricht (Social studies) | Heimat- und Sachunterricht (Social studies) | 1,2,3 |
| BAVARIA - ISCED-2 (MIT) | History/Politics/Geography (one subject) | History/Politics/Geography (one subject) | History/Politics/Geography (one subject) | 1,2,3 |
| BAVARIA - ISCED-2 (REA) | Politics and Society; History; Geography; Economics and Law | Politics and Society; History; Geography; Economics and Law | Politics and Society; History; Geography; Economics and Law | 1,2,3 |
| BAVARIA - ISCED-2 (GYM) | Politics and Society; History; Geography | Politics and Society; History; Geography | Politics and Society; History; Geography | 1,2,3 |
| BAVARIA - ISCED-3 (GYM) | Politics and Society; History; Geography | Politics and Society; History; Geography | Politics and Society; History; Geography | 1,2,3 |
| ICELAND | ||||
| ICELAND - ISCED 1 | All school subjects | All school subjects | All school subjects | 1,2,3 |
| ICELAND - ISCED 2 | All school subjects | All school subjects | All school subjects | 1,2,3 |
| ICELAND - ISCED 3 | All school subjects | All school subjects | History | 1,2,3 |
| CROATIA | ||||
| CROATIA - ISCED 1 | Social studies | Croatian language, Foreign language | Foreign language | 1,2,3 |
| CROATIA - ISCED 2 | History | Croatian language, Foreign language | Foreign language | 1,2,3 |
| CROATIA - ISCED 3 | History, Sociology, Ethics, Logic | Croatian language, Foreign language, Sociology, Ethics | Foreign language | 1,2,3 |
| BULGARIA | ||||
| BULGARIA - ISCED 1 | Man and Society | Bulgarian Language and Literature, Art and Music, Man and Society | Man and Society | 0 |
| BULGARIA - ISCED 2 | No match | Second language and literature | Second language and literature | 0 |
| BULGARIA - ISCED 3 | No match | Hour of the Class, Second language and literature, History and civilisation, Philosophy | Second language and literature | 2,3 |